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Cryptography glossary

The language of cryptographic posture.

Clear definitions for discovery, inventory, CBOMs and the post-quantum transition. Follow each term into a more detailed explanation.

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Cryptographic posture management

An ongoing practice of discovering cryptography, maintaining inventory, assessing risk and supporting decisions about remediation and modernization.

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Automated cryptographic discovery and inventory (ACDI)

Collection and organization of cryptographic observations across a defined environment. Automation does not remove the need to state coverage and evidence limits.

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Cryptographic inventory

A structured collection of cryptographic records, their observed attributes, evidence and relevant business context.

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Cryptographic bill of materials (CBOM)

A structured artifact representing cryptographic assets and relationships within a stated scope. Also called a cryptographic bill of materials.

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Software bill of materials (SBOM)

A record of software components and relationships. It complements explicit cryptographic information in a CBOM.

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Crypto-agility

The ability to change cryptographic implementations and choices with controlled operational impact. It depends on architecture, ownership, processes and testing.

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Post-quantum cryptography (PQC)

Cryptographic approaches designed to resist attacks from both classical and quantum computers, under their stated security assumptions.

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Harvest now, decrypt later (HNDL)

A threat scenario in which encrypted information is collected today with the aim of decrypting it if relevant cryptography becomes vulnerable later.

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Cryptographic provenance

Information describing where a cryptographic record came from, how it was collected and the scope it represents.

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Negotiated cryptography

Cryptographic choices actually selected during an observed protocol connection. This is distinct from supported or configured capabilities.

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Cryptographic dependency

A relationship in which a system, software component or process uses or relies on a cryptographic asset.

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ML-KEM

NIST's standardized module-lattice-based key-encapsulation mechanism, specified in FIPS 203.

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ML-DSA

NIST's standardized module-lattice-based digital signature algorithm, specified in FIPS 204.

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SLH-DSA

NIST's standardized stateless hash-based digital signature algorithm, specified in FIPS 205.

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FN-DSA

FN-DSA is the Falcon-derived, lattice-based digital signature algorithm in NIST’s FIPS 206 standardization work.

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Readiness ladder

The four states a post-quantum control in a negotiated protocol such as TLS passes through: available, configured, negotiated, observed. Only the last is evidence of protection; controls that are not negotiated skip the third state.

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Cryptographic evidence

A source observation or artifact that supports a specific claim about cryptography. Retain the method, source, time and scope so a reviewer can distinguish observed facts from inference.

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Canonical data model

A shared structure for representing records from different discovery sources. Normalization makes comparison and correlation possible while preserving source-specific evidence and uncertainty.

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Dependency graph

A connected representation of how cryptographic assets, software, services and business applications relate. Each relationship should retain its source and distinguish observed connections from inferred ones.

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CNSA 2.0

The Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite 2.0 is NSA guidance for quantum-resistant cryptography in National Security Systems. Applicability and transition requirements depend on system type and the current NSA guidance.

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NIST IR 8547

NIST's draft transition guidance for post-quantum cryptography standards. It describes a proposed transition approach; it is not a universal legal deadline for every organization.

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